{"id":98373,"date":"2024-08-22T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-22T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/?p=98373"},"modified":"2024-08-20T16:25:43","modified_gmt":"2024-08-20T14:25:43","slug":"ceuta-barrer-a-tout-prix-lacces-au-territoire-europeen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/de\/2024\/08\/22\/ceuta-barrer-a-tout-prix-lacces-au-territoire-europeen\/","title":{"rendered":"Ceuta | Um jeden Preis den Zugang zum europ\u00e4ischen Territorium verhindern"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span class=\"accroche\">Situ\u00e9es au Nord du Maroc, les enclaves espagnoles de Ceuta et Melilla constituent les deux seules fronti\u00e8res terrestres euro-africaines. En ce sens, elles font partie aujourd\u2019hui des voies emprunt\u00e9es par les personnes exil\u00e9es pour acc\u00e9der au territoire europ\u00e9en. \u00c0 ces points se mat\u00e9rialisent et prennent vie les politiques migratoires europ\u00e9ennes, qui \u00e9difient des barri\u00e8res et externalisent leur contr\u00f4le. Ces deux villes incarnent l\u2019Europe Forteresse, qui entend entraver l\u2019acc\u00e8s au territoire europ\u00e9en aux personnes consid\u00e9r\u00e9es \u00abind\u00e9sirables\u00bb quel qu\u2019en soit le prix \u2013 violations du droit international, violations des droits humains, y compris le droit \u00e0 la vie.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>LE BLINDAGE DES FRONTI\u00c8RES \u00c0 CEUTA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les premiers dispositifs mat\u00e9riels anti-migratoires sont install\u00e9s sur le pourtour de Ceuta \u00e0 partir des ann\u00e9es 1990, en r\u00e9action aux premi\u00e8res arriv\u00e9es de personnes exil\u00e9es dites \u00absubsahariennes\u00bb et en parall\u00e8le de l\u2019adoption de la loi sur les \u00e9trangers en 1985 et l\u2019adh\u00e9sion au Trait\u00e9 de Schengen en 1991<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_98373_1('footnote_plugin_reference_98373_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_98373_1('footnote_plugin_reference_98373_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_98373_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_98373_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Elsa Tyzler, \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gadem-asso.org\/ceuta-et-melilla-centres-de-tri-a-ciel-ouvert-aux-portes-de-lafrique-2\/#:~:text=Ceuta%20et%20Melilla%20constituent%20en,de%20la%20fronti%C3%A8re%20euro%2Dafricaine.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ceuta et Melilla, centres de tri \u00e0 ciel ouvert aux portes de l\u2019Afrique<\/a>\u00bb, 2015, Gadem, Migreurop<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_98373_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_98373_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. Depuis, l\u2019Espagne &#8211; avec le soutien europ\u00e9en \u2013 m\u00e8ne une politique de fermeture croissante de ses fronti\u00e8res. Cette militarisation se donne \u00e0 voir en outre par la sur\u00e9l\u00e9vation des barri\u00e8res espagnoles. Alors qu\u2019elles mesuraient 2,5 m\u00e8tres en 1995, elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sur\u00e9lev\u00e9es en 1999, 2001, 2005, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 atteindre les 10 m\u00e8tres en 2020<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_98373_1('footnote_plugin_reference_98373_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_98373_1('footnote_plugin_reference_98373_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_98373_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_98373_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">El\u00edn, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.asociacionelin.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00abEl\u00edn, un oasis en la frontera. 10 a\u00f1os de memoria experiencial en Ceuta (2010-2020)\u00bb<\/a>, 2022<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_98373_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_98373_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. Des syst\u00e8mes technologiques de pointe se sont progressivement superpos\u00e9s et complexifi\u00e9s jusqu\u2019au syst\u00e8me actuel comprenant radars, cam\u00e9ras thermiques, cam\u00e9ras infrarouges, spots lumineux, d\u00e9tecteurs de mouvement<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_98373_1('footnote_plugin_reference_98373_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_98373_1('footnote_plugin_reference_98373_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_98373_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_98373_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Maakum, <a href=\"https:\/\/maakumceuta.wordpress.com\/ceuta-ciudad-de-fronteras\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00abCeuta, ciudad de fronteras\u00bb,<\/a> 2022<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_98373_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_98373_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>, etc. L\u2019<strong>image 1<\/strong> donne un aper\u00e7u de l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/migreurop.org\/article3240.html?lang_article=fr\">\u00e9tat de la barri\u00e8re aujourd\u2019hui.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De l\u2019autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 d\u2019un terrain vague se trouve la barri\u00e8re marocaine. Des tours de contr\u00f4le y sont diss\u00e9min\u00e9es sur toute sa longueur. Contrairement \u00e0 la barri\u00e8re espagnole, celle-ci mesure 2 m\u00e8tres et est recouverte de barbel\u00e9s. (<strong>Image 2<\/strong>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"807\" height=\"808\" data-id=\"98398\" src=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Infographie1_roverato-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-98398\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Infographie1_roverato-2.jpg 807w, https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Infographie1_roverato-2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Infographie1_roverato-2-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 807px) 100vw, 807px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"807\" height=\"793\" data-id=\"98399\" src=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Infographie2_roverato.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-98399\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Infographie2_roverato.png 807w, https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Infographie2_roverato-300x295.png 300w, https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Infographie2_roverato-150x147.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 807px) 100vw, 807px\" \/><\/figure>\n<figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption wp-element-caption\">Infographies Isaline Roserato<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>LA RACIALISATION DES ROUTES EMPRUNT\u00c9ES PAR LES PERSONNES EXIL\u00c9ES<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 ce syst\u00e8me ultras\u00e9curitaire s\u2019ajoute la collaboration hispanomarocaine en amont et au niveau des barri\u00e8res. Les contr\u00f4les r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par les autorit\u00e9s marocaines \u2013 entraves \u00e0 la mobilit\u00e9, rafles<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_98373_1('footnote_plugin_reference_98373_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_98373_1('footnote_plugin_reference_98373_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_98373_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_98373_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Gadem, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gadem-asso.org\/couts-et-blessures\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.gadem-asso.org\/couts-et-blessures\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00abCo\u00fbts et blessures : Rapport GADEM sur les op\u00e9rations des forces de l\u2019ordre marocaines men\u00e9es dans le nord du Maroc entre juillet et septembre 2018\u00bb<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_98373_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_98373_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>, check-points, patrouilles sur les plages \u2013 sont dirig\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des personnes noires, qui ne peuvent s\u2019approcher des enclaves par des routes conventionnelles. Celles-ci sont contraintes d\u2019escalader les barri\u00e8res, o\u00f9 autorit\u00e9s espagnoles et marocaines patrouillent, arr\u00eatent et refoulent quasi-syst\u00e9matiquement toute personne qui tenterait d\u2019acc\u00e9der au territoire ceut\u00ed \u2013 qu\u2019elles soient mineures, futures demandeuses d\u2019asile ou bless\u00e9es etc. Ces pratiques \u2013 souvent accompagn\u00e9es de violences et de vols \u2013 contraignent les exil\u00e9\u00b7es \u00e0 tenter de traverser deux, dix, voire 20 fois les fronti\u00e8res, avant de pouvoir d\u00e9poser une \u00e9ventuelle demande d\u2019asile<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_98373_1('footnote_plugin_reference_98373_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_98373_1('footnote_plugin_reference_98373_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_98373_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_98373_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">J.I Mota, <a href=\"https:\/\/elpueblodeceuta.es\/art\/89075\/salah-el-sudanes-que-intento-cruzar-a-ceuta-25-veces\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/elpueblodeceuta.es\/art\/89075\/salah-el-sudanes-que-intento-cruzar-a-ceuta-25-veces\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00abSalah, el sudan\u00e9s que intent\u00f3 cruzar a Ceuta 25 veces\u00bb<\/a>, 2023, El Pueblo de ceuta.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_98373_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_98373_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. Un contr\u00f4le du m\u00eame ordre est r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en mer par la Marine royale et la Guardia Civil pour arr\u00eater les personnes qui traversent les digues de Benzu et de Tarajal. Cette travers\u00e9e \u00e0 la nage \u2013 dangereuse puisque r\u00e9alis\u00e9e de nuit ou les jours de temp\u00eate \u2013 a provoqu\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/migreurop.org\/article3262.html?lang_article=fr\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/migreurop.org\/article3262.html?lang_article=fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">la mort d\u2019au moins 40 personnes en 2023, majoritairement originaires du Maghreb, du Moyen-Orient, d\u2019Asie<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"723\" src=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/10-e1724160530627.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-98391\" style=\"width:620px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/10-e1724160530627.png 1080w, https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/10-e1724160530627-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/10-e1724160530627-150x100.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photo Isaline Roverato<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>LE NON-ACC\u00c8S AU TERRITOIRE SOUS CONTR\u00d4LE ESPAGNOL<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pourtant ill\u00e9gaux au regard de la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l\u2019Homme et du droit international, les refoulements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u00e9galis\u00e9s par les autorit\u00e9s espagnoles en 2015 \u2013 avec la loi de Seguridad Ciudadana \u2013 et \u00abl\u00e9gitim\u00e9s\u00bb par la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l\u2019homme (<abbr class='c2c-text-hover' title='Cour europ\u00e9enne des Droits de l\u2019Homme \u00e0 Strasbourg'>CourEDH<\/abbr>) depuis un arr\u00eat rendu le 13 f\u00e9vrier 2020. Les juges de Strasbourg avaient d\u00e9bout\u00e9 deux hommes ayant escalad\u00e9 la cl\u00f4ture de Melilla en 2014 avant d\u2019\u00eatre refoul\u00e9s vers le Maroc. Ils estimaient \u00abqu\u2019ils s\u2019\u00e9taient mis eux-m\u00eames dans une situation d\u2019ill\u00e9galit\u00e9\u00bb<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_98373_1('footnote_plugin_reference_98373_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_98373_1('footnote_plugin_reference_98373_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_98373_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_98373_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Migreurop, <a href=\"https:\/\/migreurop.org\/IMG\/pdf\/communique_cedh_fev2020_def_-_fr.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/migreurop.org\/IMG\/pdf\/communique_cedh_fev2020_def_-_fr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00abCour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l\u2019Homme : l\u2019Espagne et l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne (UE) pourront faire pr\u00e9valoir la protection des fronti\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes sur le droit d\u2019asile\u00bb<\/a>, 2020<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_98373_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_98373_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> en d\u00e9cidant \u00abde ne pas utiliser les voies l\u00e9gales existantes permettant d\u2019acc\u00e9der de mani\u00e8re r\u00e9guli\u00e8re au territoire espagnol\u00bb. Un comble, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 qu\u2019il n\u2019existe justement aucune voie \u00abl\u00e9gale\u00bb pour y parvenir. De fait, au niveau de l\u2019unique poste fronti\u00e8re habilit\u00e9, les forces de police marocaines et espagnoles contr\u00f4lent l\u2019identit\u00e9 de toutes les personnes qui souhaitent acc\u00e9der au territoire ceut\u00ed et refusent la sortie du territoire marocain \u00e0 celles ne r\u00e9pondant pas aux crit\u00e8res l\u00e9gaux requis \u2013 passeport en vigueur, permis de travail ou visa. Les personnes exil\u00e9es n\u2019ont donc pas acc\u00e8s au Bureau de l\u2019asile et des refugi\u00e9\u00b7es (Oficina de Asilo y Refugio) cens\u00e9 permettre la formalisation des demandes de protection internationale, car situ\u00e9 du c\u00f4t\u00e9 espagnol de la fronti\u00e8re. Ainsi, ils et elles n\u2019ont d\u2019autres moyens que d\u2019entrer dans l\u2019enclave espagnole par des postes fronti\u00e8res non-habilit\u00e9s, au p\u00e9ril de leur vie. Une situation inacceptable au regard <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/dach\/ch-fr\/nos-activites\/asile-en-suisse\/acces-a-la-protection#:~:text=Pas%20de%20punition%20en%20cas,les%20r%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s%2C%20pas%20%C3%AAtre%20sanctionn%C3%A9.\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/dach\/ch-fr\/nos-activites\/asile-en-suisse\/acces-a-la-protection#:~:text=Pas%20de%20punition%20en%20cas,les%20r%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s%2C%20pas%20%C3%AAtre%20sanctionn%C3%A9.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">des principes du droit des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9\u00b7es<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"925\" height=\"997\" src=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/11-e1724163483204.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-98392\" style=\"width:324px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/11-e1724163483204.png 925w, https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/11-e1724163483204-278x300.png 278w, https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/11-e1724163483204-139x150.png 139w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 925px) 100vw, 925px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photo Isaline Roverato<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"969\" height=\"708\" src=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Infographie_carte_roverato.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-98400\" style=\"width:507px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Infographie_carte_roverato.png 969w, https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Infographie_carte_roverato-300x219.png 300w, https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Infographie_carte_roverato-150x110.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 969px) 100vw, 969px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>* <em>Situ\u00e9e \u00e0 Ceuta, ELIN est une association de d\u00e9fense des droits des personnes exil\u00e9es<\/em> &#8211; <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.asociacionelin.com\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.asociacionelin.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">asociacionelin.com<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-blanc-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-glossaire-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-glossaire-background-color has-background is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-noir-color has-blanc-background-color has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size\" style=\"line-height:2.1\"><strong>L&rsquo;information a un co\u00fbt. Notre libert\u00e9 de ton aussi. Pensez-y !<\/strong><br><strong> ENGAGEZ-VOUS, SOUTENEZ-NOUS !!<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-horizontal is-content-justification-center is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-fc65f29c wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100 is-style-outline is-style-outline--2\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-blanc-color has-glossaire-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/association\/comment-nous-soutenir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">JE SOUTIENS L&rsquo;EQUIPE D&rsquo;ASILE.CH<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100 is-style-outline is-style-outline--3\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-blanc-color has-revue-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/revue\/abonnement\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">JE M&rsquo;ABONNE \u00c0 LA REVUE (20 frs \/ 5 num\u00e9ros)<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><h5><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_98373_1();\">Notes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_98373_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_98373_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/h5><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_98373_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Notes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_98373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_98373_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_98373_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Elsa Tyzler, \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gadem-asso.org\/ceuta-et-melilla-centres-de-tri-a-ciel-ouvert-aux-portes-de-lafrique-2\/#:~:text=Ceuta%20et%20Melilla%20constituent%20en,de%20la%20fronti%C3%A8re%20euro%2Dafricaine.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ceuta et Melilla, centres de tri \u00e0 ciel ouvert aux portes de l\u2019Afrique<\/a>\u00bb, 2015, Gadem, Migreurop<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_98373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_98373_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_98373_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">El\u00edn, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.asociacionelin.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00abEl\u00edn, un oasis en la frontera. 10 a\u00f1os de memoria experiencial en Ceuta (2010-2020)\u00bb<\/a>, 2022<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_98373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_98373_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_98373_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Maakum, <a href=\"https:\/\/maakumceuta.wordpress.com\/ceuta-ciudad-de-fronteras\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00abCeuta, ciudad de fronteras\u00bb,<\/a> 2022<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_98373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_98373_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_98373_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Gadem, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gadem-asso.org\/couts-et-blessures\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.gadem-asso.org\/couts-et-blessures\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00abCo\u00fbts et blessures : Rapport GADEM sur les op\u00e9rations des forces de l\u2019ordre marocaines men\u00e9es dans le nord du Maroc entre juillet et septembre 2018\u00bb<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_98373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_98373_1_5');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_98373_1_5\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">J.I Mota, <a href=\"https:\/\/elpueblodeceuta.es\/art\/89075\/salah-el-sudanes-que-intento-cruzar-a-ceuta-25-veces\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/elpueblodeceuta.es\/art\/89075\/salah-el-sudanes-que-intento-cruzar-a-ceuta-25-veces\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00abSalah, el sudan\u00e9s que intent\u00f3 cruzar a Ceuta 25 veces\u00bb<\/a>, 2023, El Pueblo de ceuta.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_98373_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_98373_1_6');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_98373_1_6\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Migreurop, <a href=\"https:\/\/migreurop.org\/IMG\/pdf\/communique_cedh_fev2020_def_-_fr.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/migreurop.org\/IMG\/pdf\/communique_cedh_fev2020_def_-_fr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00abCour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l\u2019Homme : l\u2019Espagne et l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne (UE) pourront faire pr\u00e9valoir la protection des fronti\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes sur le droit d\u2019asile\u00bb<\/a>, 2020<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_98373_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_98373_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_98373_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_98373_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_98373_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_98373_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_98373_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_98373_1').is(':hidden')) { 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En ce sens, elles font partie aujourd\u2019hui des voies emprunt\u00e9es par les personnes exil\u00e9es pour acc\u00e9der au territoire europ\u00e9en. \u00c0 ces points se mat\u00e9rialisent et prennent vie les politiques migratoires europ\u00e9ennes, qui \u00e9difient des barri\u00e8res et &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/de\/2024\/08\/22\/ceuta-barrer-a-tout-prix-lacces-au-territoire-europeen\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":98391,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[160],"tags":[1100,994,1246,1157],"ve_numero":[1244],"pays":[463,399],"ve_type":[1052],"ve_action":[1077],"class_list":["post-98373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","tag-ceuta","tag-frontieres","tag-mort","tag-notre-regard","ve_numero-ve-198-juin-2024","pays-espagne","pays-maroc","ve_type-chronique-monde","ve_action-notre-regard"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98373","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98373"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98373\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":98414,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98373\/revisions\/98414"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/98391"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98373"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98373"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98373"},{"taxonomy":"ve_numero","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ve_numero?post=98373"},{"taxonomy":"pays","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pays?post=98373"},{"taxonomy":"ve_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ve_type?post=98373"},{"taxonomy":"ve_action","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ve_action?post=98373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}