{"id":81400,"date":"2021-12-25T18:11:46","date_gmt":"2021-12-25T17:11:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/?p=81400"},"modified":"2021-12-25T18:20:49","modified_gmt":"2021-12-25T17:20:49","slug":"migration-que-peut-bien-reveler-un-sondage-oriente","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/2021\/12\/25\/migration-que-peut-bien-reveler-un-sondage-oriente\/","title":{"rendered":"Migration | What can a biased survey reveal?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span class=\"accroche\">Ce 23 d\u00e9cembre 2021, le quotidien 24 Heures a publi\u00e9 un article intitul\u00e9 \u00ab&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.24heures.ch\/en-suisse-comme-en-europe-les-migrants-continuent-a-faire-peur-250784596310\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">En Suisse comme en Europe, les migrants continuent \u00e0 faire peur<\/a> \u00bb. Pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme une synth\u00e8se d\u2019un sondage d\u2019opinion publique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne, l\u2019article en dresse les principaux constats : la population europ\u00e9enne aurait une peur croissante de l\u2019augmentation des flux migratoires et des craintes quant \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 li\u00e9e \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence importante de personnes migrantes. L\u2019article occulte pourtant une question centrale : ce type m\u00eame de sondage &#8211; et de relais m\u00e9diatique &#8211; ne contribuent-ils pas \u00e0 renforcer le sentiment d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 qu\u2019ils d\u00e9crivent&nbsp;?<\/span>A y regarder de plus pr\u00e8s, les d\u00e9s semblent pip\u00e9s. L&rsquo;objectif annonc\u00e9 du sondage est celui de \u00ab&nbsp;la perception de l\u2019immigration de ces dix derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es&nbsp;\u00bb mais aussi \u00ab&nbsp;des craintes les plus fr\u00e9quentes li\u00e9es au ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne&nbsp;\u00bb. Les trois questions du sondage cit\u00e9es dans l\u2019article mettent en avant la notion de peur, mentionnent l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019une immigration \u00ab&nbsp;trop importante&nbsp;\u00bb jusqu\u2019\u00e0 demander si \u00ab&nbsp;les migrants constituent une menace pour l\u2019identit\u00e9 nationale&nbsp;\u00bb. Le focus semble sugg\u00e9rer les r\u00e9ponses. Et l\u2019article ne mentionne pas si d\u2019autres questions \u00e9largissent le champ des possibles \u00e9voquant par exemple, l\u2019accueil, le vivre ensemble ou les droits humains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:28% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/5XJarqlwvPA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1706\" src=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/matteo-paganelli-5XJarqlwvPA-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-81401 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/matteo-paganelli-5XJarqlwvPA-unsplash-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/matteo-paganelli-5XJarqlwvPA-unsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/matteo-paganelli-5XJarqlwvPA-unsplash-150x100.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Alors que le sondage semble pr\u00e9senter de nombreux biais, l\u2019article du 24 Heures renforce ce sentiment en n\u2019apportant aucun b\u00e9mol aux pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s \u00e9voqu\u00e9s. Criminalit\u00e9, violence, invasion&nbsp;; les mots sont pos\u00e9s mais jamais mis en contexte ou nuanc\u00e9s. &nbsp;Si la journaliste tend le micro \u00e0 un politologue qui explique les r\u00e9ponses des sond\u00e9\u00b7es suisses par rapport aux europ\u00e9en\u00b7nes, \u00e0 aucun moment celui-ci ne remet en question les id\u00e9es re\u00e7ues v\u00e9hicul\u00e9es par l\u2019enqu\u00eate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Pour prendre le contre-pied des id\u00e9es diffus\u00e9es dans l&rsquo;article du 24 heures, une image en soutien des personnes migrantes (cr\u00e9dit: Unsplash; Matteo Paganelli)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><p>La peur de d\u00e9lits criminels li\u00e9s \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence de personnes \u00e9trang\u00e8res est ainsi plusieurs fois mentionn\u00e9e. Faire r\u00e9f\u00e9rence aux travaux <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_81400_1('footnote_plugin_reference_81400_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_81400_1('footnote_plugin_reference_81400_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_81400_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_81400_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"> <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/2012\/10\/06\/andre-kuhn-comment-sexplique-la-surrepresentation-des-etrangers-dans-la-criminalite\/\" target=\"_blank\">Comment s\u2019explique la surrepr\u00e9sentation des \u00e9trangers dans la criminalit\u00e9&nbsp;? Andr\u00e9 Kuhn, Vivre Ensemble, hors-s\u00e9rie n\u00b71, 2013<\/a><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_81400_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_81400_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> du criminologue Andr\u00e9 Kuhn aurait contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9duire ce type de pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s. On y lit par exemple qu\u2019une fois corrig\u00e9e de tous les biais statistiques, le taux de criminalit\u00e9 des Suisses et des \u00e9trangers est proche.<br>De m\u00eame, concernant les craintes d\u2019augmentation d\u2019arriv\u00e9es de personnes migrant\u00b7es&nbsp;: rappelons que les demande d\u2019asile n\u2019ont plus \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi basses en Suisse depuis plus de dix ans. Une infographie suffit pour le constater.<\/p>\n<iframe title=\"Nouvelles demandes d'asile en Suisse\" aria-label=\"Graphique en colonnes\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-QfNOB\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/QfNOB\/2\/\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"400\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">!function(){\"use strict\";window.addEventListener(\"message\",(function(e){if(void 0!==e.data[\"datawrapper-height\"]){var t=document.querySelectorAll(\"iframe\");for(var a in e.data[\"datawrapper-height\"])for(var r=0;r<t.length;r++){if(t[r].contentWindow===e.source)t[r].style.height=e.data[\"datawrapper-height\"][a]+\"px\"}}}))}();<\/script>\n<p><br>Finalement, le recours excessif au mot \u00ab&nbsp;migrants&nbsp;\u00bb biaise la compr\u00e9hension. La journaliste amorce l\u2019article en dressant le d\u00e9cor&nbsp;: personnes bloqu\u00e9es aux fronti\u00e8res bi\u00e9lorusses ou \u00e0 Calais. Terme galvaud\u00e9 depuis quelques ann\u00e9es, il semble important de rappeler qu\u2019\u00ab&nbsp;un migrant&nbsp;\u00bb se d\u00e9fini officiellement comme \u00ab&nbsp;une personne qui se d\u00e9place hors de son pays de r\u00e9sidence, que ce soit pour son travail, ses \u00e9tudes, pour rejoindre sa famille ou encore pour fuir son pays.&nbsp;\u00bb <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_81400_1('footnote_plugin_reference_81400_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_81400_1('footnote_plugin_reference_81400_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_81400_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_81400_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/memot\/de-parle-t-on\/migrant-e\/\">M\u00e9mo[ts] \u00e0 l\u2019attention des journalistes pour parler d\u2019asile et de migration<\/a>, Vivre Ensemble 2017<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_81400_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_81400_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. L\u2019article ne permet pas de savoir \u00e0 quel type de migration le sondage fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, mais aux vues des r\u00e9ponses, on peut supposer qu\u2019il ne s\u2019agissait pas du \u00ab&nbsp;m\u00e9decin allemand&nbsp;\u00bb ou de \u00ab&nbsp;l\u2019\u00e9tudiante am\u00e9ricaine&nbsp;\u00bb pourtant tout aussi migrants que les autres\u2026<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Au final, les r\u00e9sultats esquiss\u00e9s dans cet article n\u2019\u00e9tonnent que peu. Non seulement parce que ce type de sondages quantitatifs est tr\u00e8s souvent orient\u00e9 mais aussi parce que les m\u00e9dias manquent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement de d\u00e9construire les id\u00e9es re\u00e7ues qu\u2019ils relayent dans leurs colonnes. Ils jouent pourtant un r\u00f4le important dans les repr\u00e9sentations que la population se fait des migrations, des questions raciales et des besoins de protection. L\u2019impact d\u2019un journalisme responsable est grand. Malheureusement, l\u2019impact est tout aussi important en ce qui concerne la reproduction d\u2019id\u00e9es re\u00e7ues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Giada de Coulon, pour le Comptoir des m\u00e9dias<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><h5><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_81400_1();\">Notes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_81400_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_81400_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/h5><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_81400_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Notes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_81400_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_81400_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_81400_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/2012\/10\/06\/andre-kuhn-comment-sexplique-la-surrepresentation-des-etrangers-dans-la-criminalite\/\" target=\"_blank\">Comment s\u2019explique la surrepr\u00e9sentation des \u00e9trangers dans la criminalit\u00e9&nbsp;? Andr\u00e9 Kuhn, Vivre Ensemble, hors-s\u00e9rie n\u00b71, 2013<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_81400_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_81400_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_81400_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/memot\/de-parle-t-on\/migrant-e\/\">M\u00e9mo[ts] \u00e0 l\u2019attention des journalistes pour parler d\u2019asile et de migration<\/a>, Vivre Ensemble 2017<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_81400_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_81400_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_81400_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_81400_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_81400_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_81400_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_81400_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_81400_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_81400_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_81400_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_81400_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_81400_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_81400_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_81400_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ce 23 d\u00e9cembre 2021, le quotidien 24 Heures a publi\u00e9 un article intitul\u00e9 \u00ab&nbsp;En Suisse comme en Europe, les migrants continuent \u00e0 faire peur \u00bb. Pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme une synth\u00e8se d\u2019un sondage d\u2019opinion publique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne, l\u2019article en dresse les principaux constats : la population europ\u00e9enne aurait une peur croissante de l\u2019augmentation des flux migratoires &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/2021\/12\/25\/migration-que-peut-bien-reveler-un-sondage-oriente\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[160],"tags":[1158,1174,313,1171,161],"ve_numero":[],"pays":[],"ve_type":[1056],"ve_action":[1046],"class_list":["post-81400","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualites","tag-comptoir","tag-decryptages-medias","tag-prejuge","tag-prejuge-criminalite","tag-slider","ve_type-decryptage","ve_action-comptoir"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81400","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81400"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81400\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81400"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=81400"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=81400"},{"taxonomy":"ve_numero","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ve_numero?post=81400"},{"taxonomy":"pays","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pays?post=81400"},{"taxonomy":"ve_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ve_type?post=81400"},{"taxonomy":"ve_action","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ve_action?post=81400"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}