{"id":95175,"date":"2024-02-20T12:52:56","date_gmt":"2024-02-20T11:52:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/?p=95175"},"modified":"2025-08-26T11:02:13","modified_gmt":"2025-08-26T09:02:13","slug":"protocole-daccord-italie-albanie-sur-les-migrations-une-cooperation-transfrontiere-contraire-au-droit-international","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/2024\/02\/20\/protocole-daccord-italie-albanie-sur-les-migrations-une-cooperation-transfrontiere-contraire-au-droit-international\/","title":{"rendered":"Migreurop | Protocole d\u2019accord Italie\/Albanie sur les migrations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"455\" height=\"334\" src=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image_protocole_italie_albanie.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-95284\" style=\"width:314px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image_protocole_italie_albanie.png 455w, https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image_protocole_italie_albanie-300x220.png 300w, https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image_protocole_italie_albanie-150x110.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u00a9 R\u00e9seau Migreurop<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"accroche\">Un protocole d&rsquo;accord visant \u00e0 d\u00e9localiser en Albanie le traitement des demandes d&rsquo;asile des personnes intercept\u00e9es ou secourues en mer par les autorit\u00e9s italiennes, a \u00e9t\u00e9 approuv\u00e9 en janvier 2024. Le r\u00e9seau Migreurop d\u00e9nonce des man\u0153uvres qui s\u2019inscrivent dans la continuit\u00e9 des politiques de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne (UE) pour externaliser le traitement des demandes d&rsquo;asile. Ces m\u00e9canismes d\u2019externalisation violent le droit international avec la complicit\u00e9 des autorit\u00e9s nationales et la complaisance de certaines institutions europ\u00e9ennes.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Communiqu\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau Migreurop, publi\u00e9 le 13 f\u00e9vrier 2024. Cliquez <a href=\"https:\/\/migreurop.org\/article3230\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/migreurop.org\/article3230\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ici<\/a> pour lire le communiqu\u00e9 sur le site de Migreurop. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div\n    class=\"c-block--box  is-box--\">\n    <div class=\"c-block--box-inner\">\n        \n\n<p><strong>Protocole d\u2019accord Italie\/Albanie sur les migrations&nbsp;: une coop\u00e9ration transfronti\u00e8re contraire au droit international<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>La chambre des d\u00e9put\u00e9s italienne et la Cour supr\u00eame albanaise ont approuv\u00e9 le protocole d\u2019accord sur les migrations conclu en novembre 2023, respectivement les 24 et 29 janvier 2024. Le r\u00e9seau Migreurop d\u00e9nonce des man\u0153uvres qui s\u2019inscrivent dans la continuit\u00e9 des politiques de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne (UE) et de ses \u00c9tats membres pour externaliser le traitement de la demande de protection internationale.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le 6 novembre 2023, l\u2019Italie a conclu un \u00abaccord\u00bb avec l\u2019Albanie en vue de d\u00e9localiser le traitement de la demande d\u2019asile de certain\u00b7e\u00b7s ressortissant\u00b7e\u00b7s \u00e9tranger\u00b7\u00e8re\u00b7s de l\u2019autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 de ses fronti\u00e8res&nbsp;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Fanpage.it, \u00ab <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fanpage.it\/politica\/migranti-la-corte-costituzionale-dellalbania-ha-dato-lok-allaccordo-con-litalia\/%20\">Migranti, la Corte costituzionale dell\u2019Albania ha dato l\u2019ok all\u2019accordo con l\u2019Italia<\/a> \u00bb, 29 janvier 2024<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. Ce protocole, rendu public le 7 novembre, s\u2019appliquerait aux personnes intercept\u00e9es ou secourues en mer par les autorit\u00e9s italiennes, qui pourraient \u00eatre d\u00e9barqu\u00e9es dans les villes c\u00f4ti\u00e8res albanaises de Sh\u00ebngjin et de Gjader. Les personnes reconnues \u00abvuln\u00e9rables\u00bb ne seraient pas concern\u00e9es par cet accord.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Celui-ci pr\u00e9voit, d\u2019ici le printemps 2024, la construction de deux camps&nbsp;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Balkan in sight \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2023\/11\/22\/in-pictures-sites-where-refugees-will-be-hosted-in-albania\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">In pictures&nbsp;: Sites where refugees will be hosted in Albania<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0, 22 Novembre 2023<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>&nbsp;financ\u00e9s par l\u2019Italie: l\u2019un destin\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9valuation de la demande d\u2019asile, l\u2019autre aux \u00ab\u00e9ventuels rapatriements\u00bb&nbsp;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Euractiv, \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/www.euractiv.fr\/section\/international\/news\/accord-migratoire-italie-albanie-lue-se-montre-prudente\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Accord migratoire Italie-Albanie&nbsp;: l\u2019UE se montre prudente<\/a>\u00bb, 7 novembre 2023<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>&nbsp;(autrement dit, aux expulsions). Alors que le Parlement italien n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 sollicit\u00e9 au moment de la conclusion de l\u2019accord&nbsp;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Le gouvernement a annonc\u00e9 le 21 novembre que le Parlement italien serait finalement saisi, et ce dernier a approuv\u00e9 l\u2019accord le 24 janvier 2024. Observatoire de l\u2019Europe, \u00ab&nbsp;La Cour&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_4');\">Lire la suite<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>, ces structures rel\u00e8veraient pourtant exclusivement de la juridiction italienne. Contre une compensation financi\u00e8re et une avanc\u00e9e dans le processus d\u2019adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 l\u2019UE, l\u2019Albanie aurait donn\u00e9 son accord pour \u00abaccueillir\u00bb 3 000 personnes par mois sur son territoire et assurer une part active dans les activit\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de surveillance via ses forces de police&nbsp;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Euronews, \u00ab&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.euronews.com\/2023\/11\/07\/litalie-va-delocaliser-en-albanie-laccueil-de-migrants-sauves-en-mer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">L\u2019Italie va d\u00e9localiser en Albanie l\u2019accueil de migrants sauv\u00e9s en mer<\/a>&nbsp;\u00bb, 7 novembre 2023<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. Fortement inspir\u00e9 par le concept australien de \u00ab&nbsp;Pacific solution&nbsp;\u00bb&nbsp;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Amnesty, \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/documents\/asa12\/009\/2002\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Australia-Pacific&nbsp;: Offending human dignity \u2013 the \u201cPacific Solution\u201d<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0, 24 August 2002&nbsp;; Migreurop, \u00ab&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/migreurop.org\/article382.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nauru &#8211; la Pacific solution<\/a>&nbsp;\u00bb, mars 2004<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>, ce m\u00e9canisme placerait les deux camps sous autorit\u00e9 italienne, avec du personnel italien, en vertu d\u2019un statut d\u2019extraterritorialit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Certaines institutions europ\u00e9ennes se sont dans un premier temps content\u00e9es d\u2019appeler au respect du droit national et international. La Commissaire europ\u00e9enne en charge des affaires int\u00e9rieures a d\u00e9clar\u00e9, une semaine apr\u00e8s que l\u2019accord a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu public&nbsp;: \u00ab<em>L\u2019\u00e9valuation pr\u00e9liminaire de notre service juridique est qu\u2019il ne s\u2019agit pas d\u2019une violation de la l\u00e9gislation de l\u2019UE, mais que cela est hors de la l\u00e9gislation de l\u2019UE<\/em>\u00bb&nbsp;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[7]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Euronews, \u00abL\u2019accord migratoire entre l\u2019Italie et l\u2019Albanie est hors de la l\u00e9gislation de l\u2019UE, estime la commissaire europ\u00e9enne aux Affaires int\u00e9rieures&nbsp;\u00bb, 15 novembre&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_7');\">Lire la suite<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. Une formulation particuli\u00e8rement ambigu\u00eb, qui n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9claircie quand elle a ajout\u00e9&nbsp;: \u00ab<em>l\u2019Italie se conforme \u00e0 la l\u00e9gislation europ\u00e9enne, ce qui signifie que les r\u00e8gles sont les m\u00eames. Mais d\u2019un point de vue juridique, il ne s\u2019agit pas de la l\u00e9gislation europ\u00e9enne, mais de la l\u00e9gislation italienne (qui) suit la l\u00e9gislation europ\u00e9enne<\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La Commissaire aux droits de l\u2019Homme du Conseil de l\u2019Europe, a quant \u00e0 elle rappel\u00e9 que \u00ab<em>la possibilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9poser une demande d\u2019asile et de la faire examiner sur le territoire des \u00c9tats membres reste une composante indispensable d\u2019un syst\u00e8me fiable et respectueux des droits humains<\/em>\u00bb, ajoutant que \u00ab<em>Le protocole d\u2019accord cr\u00e9e un r\u00e9gime d\u2019asile extraterritorial ad hoc, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par de nombreuses ambigu\u00eft\u00e9s juridiques<\/em>\u00bb&nbsp;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[8]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Commissaire au droit de l\u2019Homme, \u00ab&nbsp;D\u00e9claration&nbsp;:&nbsp;L\u2019accord entre l\u2019Italie et l\u2019Albanie confirme l\u2019inqui\u00e9tante tendance europ\u00e9enne \u00e0 externaliser les proc\u00e9dures&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_8');\">Lire la suite<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u2019il a l\u2019allure d\u2019un accord bilat\u00e9ral, cet accord s\u2019inscrit dans la continuit\u00e9 de l\u2019externalisation des politiques d\u2019asile men\u00e9e par les \u00c9tats europ\u00e9ens depuis le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2000, se projetant plus ou moins loin des fronti\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes (du Maroc au Rwanda en passant par la Turquie, notamment). De nombreux pays sont en effet tenus de coop\u00e9rer avec l\u2019UE et ses \u00c9tats membres dans le domaine de l\u2019immigration et de l\u2019asile en \u00e9change d\u2019avantages en mati\u00e8re commerciale, de politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re ou d\u2019aide au d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans le cas pr\u00e9sent, l\u2019Italie, au nom d\u2019un pr\u00e9tendu \u00abpartage des responsabilit\u00e9s\u00bb, pioche dans la mallette \u00e0 outils \u00e0 disposition des \u00c9tats pour externaliser le traitement de la demande d\u2019asile. L\u2019Albanie ayant obtenu en 2014 le statut de pays candidat \u00e0 l\u2019adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne, cette coop\u00e9ration transfronti\u00e8re repr\u00e9senterait un gage de sa bonne volont\u00e9, se donnant ainsi l\u2019image d\u2019\u00eatre le partenaire-cl\u00e9 des pays europ\u00e9ens dans la mise en \u0153uvre de leurs politiques de s\u00e9lection et de filtrage des personnes \u00e9trang\u00e8res aux fronti\u00e8res ext\u00e9rieures&nbsp;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[9]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Nova News, \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/en\/news\/migrants-two-structures-to-manage-illegal-flows%2C-this-is-what-the-Italy-Albania-memorandum-of-understanding-provides\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Migrants&nbsp;: two structures to manage illegal flows, this is what the Italy-Albania memorandum of understanding provides<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0, 6 November 2023<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>. Cette strat\u00e9gie utilitariste, mobilisant les personnes en migration comme levier de n\u00e9gociation politique, a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en \u0153uvre par le pass\u00e9 \u00e0 de maintes reprises, et le r\u00e9seau Migreurop a solidement \u00e9tay\u00e9 les effets d\u00e9l\u00e9t\u00e8res de tels accords sur les droits des personnes migrantes&nbsp;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[10]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Voir&nbsp;la Note de plaidoyer&nbsp;(2019) et la&nbsp;vid\u00e9o&nbsp;(2020) de Migreurop sur l\u2019externalisation&nbsp;; Seen this CBD_77&nbsp;: M\u00e9taliste sur les tentatives de diff\u00e9rents pays&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_10');\">Lire la suite<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019opacit\u00e9 et du secret qui a entour\u00e9 sa conclusion, ce protocole d\u2019accord pose de nombreuses questions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Alors m\u00eame que l\u2019accord ne s\u2019appliquerait pas aux personnes consid\u00e9r\u00e9es vuln\u00e9rables, ne peut-on estimer que les personnes rescap\u00e9es sont de facto vuln\u00e9rables? Que le d\u00e9placement dans ces centres albanais de personnes rescap\u00e9es en mer constitue de facto une action qui vuln\u00e9rabilise ces personnes&nbsp;?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Quid du principe de non-refoulement? En envoyant des personnes en dehors de son territoire, le temps du traitement de la demande d\u2019asile, l\u2019Italie risque de contrevenir au principe de non-refoulement, pourtant \u00e9nonc\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019article 33 de la Convention de 1951 relative au statut des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, qui interdit le retour des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des demandeurs d\u2019asile vers des pays o\u00f9 ils risquent d\u2019\u00eatre pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s&nbsp;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[11]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Migreurop, \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/migreurop.org\/article3046.html?lang_article=fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Chantage dans les Balkans&nbsp;: comment l\u2019UE externalise ses politiques d\u2019asile<\/a>\u00bb, juin 2021<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>En pratique, sa mise en \u0153uvre impactera les droits des personnes selon les conditions du d\u00e9barquement (qui ne sera donc pas le lieu s\u00fbr le plus proche comme le pr\u00e9voit la r\u00e9glementation internationale)&nbsp;: qu\u2019en sera-t-il du respect de la proc\u00e9dure de demande d\u2019asile, de l\u2019identification de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9, de l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 une assistance juridique&nbsp;? Elle impactera aussi, ensuite, les conditions dans lesquelles les personnes seront d\u00e9tenues, \u00e0 l\u2019image de ce qui s\u2019est pass\u00e9 dans les hotspots en Gr\u00e8ce, dans lesquels les personnes \u00e9taient prisonni\u00e8res de camps \u00e0 ciel ouvert&nbsp;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[12]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Voir&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/migreurop.org\/article2933.html?lang_article=fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">la Note de plaidoyer<\/a>&nbsp;(2019) et la&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/migreurop.org\/article2979.html?lang_article=fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">vid\u00e9o<\/a>&nbsp;(2020) de Migreurop sur les hotspots<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Qui sera responsable en cas de violations des droits au sein de ces camps&nbsp;? Quel droit s\u2019appliquera, le droit italien ou le droit albanais&nbsp;? Comment pourra \u00eatre garantie l\u2019effectivit\u00e9 des droits dans un territoire localis\u00e9 \u00e0 distance de la juridiction responsable, loin des regards&nbsp;?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Selon les termes de cet accord, ni les personnes d\u00e9barqu\u00e9es par les bateaux d\u2019ONG, ni les personnes arriv\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re autonome ne devraient \u00eatre concern\u00e9es. Comment savoir si les autorit\u00e9s italiennes n\u2019\u00e9largiront pas cette proc\u00e9dure \u00e0 tou\u00b7te\u00b7s les demandeur\u00b7euse\u00b7s d\u2019asile&nbsp;? L\u2019accord ne risque-t-il pas, en outre, de mettre en difficult\u00e9 les conditions dans lesquelles s\u2019effectueront les op\u00e9rations de recherche et sauvetage des personnes en d\u00e9tresse en mer&nbsp;? Le tri entre les personnes reconnues vuln\u00e9rables et les autres se fera-t-il sur le bateau ou en Albanie&nbsp;?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pour les personnes expuls\u00e9es, le seront-elles depuis l\u2019Italie ou depuis l\u2019Albanie&nbsp;? De s\u00e9rieux doutes se posent au regard des d\u00e9clarations du Premier ministre albanais affirmant qu\u2019elles incomberaient aux autorit\u00e9s italiennes (alors qu\u2019initialement cette t\u00e2che devait \u00eatre effectu\u00e9e par l\u2019Albanie).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La d\u00e9tention aurait lieu durant la proc\u00e9dure frontali\u00e8re et en vue du retour, mais quid des personnes lib\u00e9r\u00e9es en Albanie&nbsp;: seront-elles renvoy\u00e9es vers l\u2019Italie ou un autre \u00c9tat&nbsp;?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cet accord tombe-t-il sous le coup du droit europ\u00e9en ou non&nbsp;? La Commissaire aux affaires int\u00e9rieures a laiss\u00e9 planer un doute sur la nature europ\u00e9enne des r\u00e8gles qui s\u2019y appliqueraient. La Commissaire aux droits de l\u2019Homme du Conseil de l\u2019Europe a quant \u00e0 elle point\u00e9 du doigt le risque d\u2019un effet domino \u00ab&nbsp;susceptible de saper le syst\u00e8me europ\u00e9en&nbsp;\u00bb si d\u2019autres \u00c9tats d\u00e9cident eux-aussi de transf\u00e9rer leur responsabilit\u00e9 au-del\u00e0 des fronti\u00e8res europ\u00e9ennes&nbsp;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_95175_1('footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[13]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">The Guardian, \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2024\/jan\/18\/albanian-court-to-rule-on-migration-deal-with-italian-government\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Albanian court to rule on migration deal with Italian government<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0, 18 janvier 2024<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_95175_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les r\u00e8gles \u00e9dict\u00e9es dans l\u2019accord politique sur le pacte europ\u00e9en adopt\u00e9es le 20 d\u00e9cembre 2023 devront-elles s\u2019appliquer sur le territoire albanais car sous juridiction italienne et donc europ\u00e9enne&nbsp;?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Et pour finir, se pose la question du co\u00fbt exorbitant de ces d\u00e9placements de populations, mais aussi celui de l\u2019accord n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec l\u2019Albanie pour disposer d\u2019une partie de son territoire national, et du fonctionnement-m\u00eame de ces camps.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour toutes ces raisons, le r\u00e9seau Migreurop d\u00e9nonce un protocole d\u2019accord qui n\u2019aurait jamais d\u00fb voir le jour. Et \u00e0 supposer que le gouvernement italien s\u2019obstine dans cette direction, cela ne peut se faire sans que le droit europ\u00e9en et la protection des droits des personnes soient mis en \u0153uvre et respect\u00e9s. \u00c0 commencer par celui de demander l\u2019asile dans de bonnes conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les m\u00e9canismes d\u2019externalisation \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre \u2013 qui se g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisent \u2013 violent le droit international avec la complicit\u00e9 des autorit\u00e9s nationales et la complaisance de certaines institutions europ\u00e9ennes. Il est urgent de refuser ce contournement incessant du droit qui, loin des regards, s\u2019inscrit dans la strat\u00e9gie mortif\u00e8re de mise \u00e0 distance des personnes \u00e9trang\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<section id=\"related-content-block-action-block_23e840c7df94c64220bb67abe33fe780\"\n    class=\"c-block c-block--featured  c-block--card c-block-- \">\n    <div class=\"c-block-title \">\n        <div class=\"c-block-title--label\">Articles sur le m\u00eame sujet<\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"flex flex-wrap -mx-4\">\n                                                                \n                                    <div class=\"px-4 mb-8  w-full md:w-1\/2 lg:w-1\/3 \">\n                        <article class=\"c-card post-93264 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-communique tag-documentation tag-pacte-europeen ve_type-communique ve_action-documentation\">\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/2023\/11\/06\/migreurop-controler-les-migrations-entre-laisser-mourir-et-permis-de-tuer\/\" class=\"c-card-link\">\n    <div class=\"c-card-image\">\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/oleg-laptev-QRKJwE6yfJo-unsplash-640x420.jpg\"  alt=\"\">\n      <div class=\"c-card-type       is-documentation-tax\n             \">\n\n                          Documentation\n                \n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <h2 class=\"c-card-title\">\n        Migreurop | \u00ab\u00a0Contr\u00f4ler\u00a0\u00bb les migrations\u00a0: entre laisser-mourir et permis de tuer\n    <\/h2>\n    <div class=\"c-card-meta\">\n      6 November 2023\n    <\/div>\n  <\/a>\n<\/article>\n                    <\/div>\n                                                            \n                                    <div class=\"px-4 mb-8  w-full md:w-1\/2 lg:w-1\/3 \">\n                        <article class=\"c-card post-91971 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-actualites tag-documentation tag-etat-de-droit tag-externalisation tag-forteresse-europeenne tag-mobilisation tag-union-europeenne ve_type-doc-web-radio-video ve_action-documentation\">\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/2023\/06\/26\/migreurop-video-externalisation-des-politiques-migratoires\/\" class=\"c-card-link\">\n    <div class=\"c-card-image\">\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/95540a998a794efef0291deee3cbb6-640x420.jpg\"  alt=\"\">\n      <div class=\"c-card-type       is-documentation-tax\n             \">\n\n                          Documentation\n                \n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <h2 class=\"c-card-title\">\n        Migreurop | Vid\u00e9o: Externalisation des politiques migratoires\n    <\/h2>\n    <div class=\"c-card-meta\">\n      26 June 2023\n    <\/div>\n  <\/a>\n<\/article>\n                    <\/div>\n                                                            \n                                    <div class=\"px-4 mb-8  w-full md:w-1\/2 lg:w-1\/3 \">\n                        <article class=\"c-card post-88829 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-actualites tag-documentation tag-forteresse-europeenne tag-frontieres tag-pacte-europeen tag-union-europeenne tag-violence ve_type-communique ve_action-documentation\">\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/2022\/12\/21\/migreurop-pour-la-fin-de-la-repression-aux-frontieres-et-des-politiques-dignes-et-egalitaires\/\" class=\"c-card-link\">\n    <div class=\"c-card-image\">\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Screenshot-2022-12-20-at-18-46-25-Mobilisations-pour-le-18-decembre-journee-internationale-des-migrant.es-CRID-640x420.png\"  alt=\"\">\n      <div class=\"c-card-type       is-documentation-tax\n             \">\n\n                          Documentation\n                \n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <h2 class=\"c-card-title\">\n        Migreurop | Pour\u00a0la fin de la r\u00e9pression aux fronti\u00e8res et des politiques dignes et \u00e9galitaires\n    <\/h2>\n    <div class=\"c-card-meta\">\n      21 December 2022\n    <\/div>\n  <\/a>\n<\/article>\n                    <\/div>\n                                                <\/div><!-- \/ container -->\n\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><h5><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_95175_1();\">Notes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_95175_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_95175_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/h5><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_95175_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Notes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_95175_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Fanpage.it, \u00ab <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fanpage.it\/politica\/migranti-la-corte-costituzionale-dellalbania-ha-dato-lok-allaccordo-con-litalia\/%20\">Migranti, la Corte costituzionale dell\u2019Albania ha dato l\u2019ok all\u2019accordo con l\u2019Italia<\/a> \u00bb, 29 janvier 2024<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_95175_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Balkan in sight \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2023\/11\/22\/in-pictures-sites-where-refugees-will-be-hosted-in-albania\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">In pictures&nbsp;: Sites where refugees will be hosted in Albania<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0, 22 Novembre 2023<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_95175_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Euractiv, \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/www.euractiv.fr\/section\/international\/news\/accord-migratoire-italie-albanie-lue-se-montre-prudente\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Accord migratoire Italie-Albanie&nbsp;: l\u2019UE se montre prudente<\/a>\u00bb, 7 novembre 2023<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_95175_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Le gouvernement a annonc\u00e9 le 21 novembre que le Parlement italien serait finalement saisi, et ce dernier a approuv\u00e9 l\u2019accord le 24 janvier 2024. Observatoire de l\u2019Europe, \u00ab&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.observatoiredeleurope.com\/la-cour-constitutionnelle-albanaise-declare-que-laccord-sur-la-migration-avec-litalie-peut-aller-de-lavant-sil-est-approuve_a18529.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">La Cour constitutionnelle albanaise d\u00e9clare que l\u2019accord sur la migration avec l\u2019Italie peut aller de l\u2019avant s\u2019il est approuv\u00e9<\/a>&nbsp;\u00bb, 24 janvier 2024<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_95175_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_5');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_5\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Euronews, \u00ab&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.euronews.com\/2023\/11\/07\/litalie-va-delocaliser-en-albanie-laccueil-de-migrants-sauves-en-mer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">L\u2019Italie va d\u00e9localiser en Albanie l\u2019accueil de migrants sauv\u00e9s en mer<\/a>&nbsp;\u00bb, 7 novembre 2023<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_95175_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_6');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_6\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Amnesty, \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/documents\/asa12\/009\/2002\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Australia-Pacific&nbsp;: Offending human dignity \u2013 the \u201cPacific Solution\u201d<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0, 24 August 2002&nbsp;; Migreurop, \u00ab&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/migreurop.org\/article382.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nauru &#8211; la Pacific solution<\/a>&nbsp;\u00bb, mars 2004<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_95175_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_7');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_7\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Euronews, \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.euronews.com\/my-europe\/2023\/11\/15\/laccord-migratoire-entre-litalie-et-lalbanie-est-hors-de-la-legislation-de-lue-estime-la-c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">L\u2019accord migratoire entre l\u2019Italie et l\u2019Albanie est hors de la l\u00e9gislation de l\u2019UE, estime la commissaire europ\u00e9enne aux Affaires int\u00e9rieures<\/a>&nbsp;\u00bb, 15 novembre 2023&nbsp;;<br>Euractiv, \u00ab&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.euractiv.fr\/section\/international\/news\/accord-migratoire-italie-albanie-lue-se-montre-prudente\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">accord migratoire Italie-Albanie&nbsp;: l\u2019UE se montre prudente<\/a>&nbsp;\u00bb, 7 novembre 2023<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_95175_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_8');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_8\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Commissaire au droit de l\u2019Homme, \u00ab&nbsp;D\u00e9claration&nbsp;:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.coe.int\/fr\/web\/commissioner\/-\/italy-albania-agreement-adds-to-worrying-european-trend-towards-externalising-asylum-procedures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">L\u2019accord entre l\u2019Italie et l\u2019Albanie confirme l\u2019inqui\u00e9tante tendance europ\u00e9enne \u00e0 externaliser les proc\u00e9dures d\u2019asile<\/a>&nbsp;\u00bb, 13 novembre 2023<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_95175_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_9');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_9\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Nova News, \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/en\/news\/migrants-two-structures-to-manage-illegal-flows%2C-this-is-what-the-Italy-Albania-memorandum-of-understanding-provides\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Migrants&nbsp;: two structures to manage illegal flows, this is what the Italy-Albania memorandum of understanding provides<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0, 6 November 2023<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_95175_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_10');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_10\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Voir&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/migreurop.org\/article2933.html?lang_article=fr\">la Note de plaidoyer<\/a>&nbsp;(2019) et la&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/migreurop.org\/article3185.html?lang_article=fr\">vid\u00e9o<\/a>&nbsp;(2020) de Migreurop sur l\u2019externalisation&nbsp;; <a href=\"https:\/\/seenthis.net\/messages\/900122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Seen this CBD_77<\/a>&nbsp;: M\u00e9taliste sur les tentatives de diff\u00e9rents pays europ\u00e9ens d\u2019externaliser non seulement les contr\u00f4les frontaliers, mais aussi la proc\u00e9dure d\u2019asile dans des pays-tiers.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_95175_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_11');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_11\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Migreurop, \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/migreurop.org\/article3046.html?lang_article=fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Chantage dans les Balkans&nbsp;: comment l\u2019UE externalise ses politiques d\u2019asile<\/a>\u00bb, juin 2021<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_95175_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_12');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_12\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Voir&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/migreurop.org\/article2933.html?lang_article=fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">la Note de plaidoyer<\/a>&nbsp;(2019) et la&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/migreurop.org\/article2979.html?lang_article=fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">vid\u00e9o<\/a>&nbsp;(2020) de Migreurop sur les hotspots<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_95175_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_95175_1_13');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_95175_1_13\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">The Guardian, \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2024\/jan\/18\/albanian-court-to-rule-on-migration-deal-with-italian-government\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Albanian court to rule on migration deal with Italian government<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0, 18 janvier 2024<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_95175_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_95175_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_95175_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_95175_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_95175_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_95175_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_95175_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_95175_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_95175_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_95175_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_95175_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_95175_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_95175_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_95175_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un protocole d&rsquo;accord visant \u00e0 d\u00e9localiser en Albanie le traitement des demandes d&rsquo;asile des personnes intercept\u00e9es ou secourues en mer par les autorit\u00e9s italiennes, a \u00e9t\u00e9 approuv\u00e9 en janvier 2024. Le r\u00e9seau Migreurop d\u00e9nonce des man\u0153uvres qui s\u2019inscrivent dans la continuit\u00e9 des politiques de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne (UE) pour externaliser le traitement des demandes d&rsquo;asile. Ces &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/2024\/02\/20\/protocole-daccord-italie-albanie-sur-les-migrations-une-cooperation-transfrontiere-contraire-au-droit-international\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":95339,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[369],"tags":[310,662,1159,737,730,392,1266,494,1116],"ve_numero":[],"pays":[477,178],"ve_type":[1060],"ve_action":[1050],"class_list":["post-95175","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communique","tag-accords-migratoires","tag-convention-sur-les-refugies","tag-documentation","tag-externalisation","tag-hotspot","tag-mediterranee","tag-pacte-europeen","tag-surveillance","tag-union-europeenne","pays-albanie","pays-italie","ve_type-communique","ve_action-documentation"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95175","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=95175"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95175\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":95340,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95175\/revisions\/95340"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/95339"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=95175"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=95175"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=95175"},{"taxonomy":"ve_numero","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ve_numero?post=95175"},{"taxonomy":"pays","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pays?post=95175"},{"taxonomy":"ve_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ve_type?post=95175"},{"taxonomy":"ve_action","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asile.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ve_action?post=95175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}